Multiple Sleep Latency Test. Mumps IgG and IgM. N N respirator mask. Nocturnal Paediatric Oximetry. Nucleated Red Blood Cells. O Oats. Obstructive sleep apnea. OI Cell Cold Agglutinin. Osmolality urination. P Paediatric Helicobacter pylori Breath Test. Pappenheimer Bodies. Parvovirus B19 IgG. PCR Herpes. Pelvic inflammatory disease. Penicillin G. Pertussis whooping cough. Pharyngitis and laryngitis. Pinworm Testing. Plantar fasciitis. Platelet Anisocytosis.
Platelet Clumping. Pneumo test. Point-of-care testing POCT. Predictive medicine. Pregnancy Test urine. Prenatal Screening Test. Preventive medicine.
Promyelocyte Number and Ratio. Prostate biopsy. Prothrombin GA Mutation. PT INR. Pubic lice. R Radiography. Red Blood Cell Agglutinin. Red Blood Cell Antibodies. Red Blood Cells. Respiratory multiplex PCR. Reverse T3. Rheumatic coxitis. Rheumatoid arthritis.
Rhumatoid Factor. Rubella IgG and IgM. S Sacroiliac Joint Syndrome. Salivary Cortisol. Serological test. Serum Calcium. Serum P1NP. Serum protein electrophoresis. Sesame Seed. Simple Spirometry. Sleep clinic consultation. Sputum Culture. Squamous Cells. Stinging Insects. Stool Culture 1st, 2nd, 3rd. Strepto-B Vag-Anal pregnancy. Strepto Direct. Streptococcus throat by PCR. Superficial Mycoses — Culture. Syphilis EIA.
T T0 and T Induced Hyperglycemia. Tendinitis of the rotator cuff. Tension headache. Thyroid profile cascade or complete. Time 0 minutes induced hyperglycemia for gestational diabetes. Time 30, 60, , , minutes.
Time 60 minutes induced hyperglycemia for gestational diabetes. Total anti-HBc. Total Bilirubin. Total Cholesterol. Total CO2. Total Complement Immune. Total Protein.
Total PSA. Total Testosterone. Toxic Granulation. Toxoplasmosis IgG and IgM. Transglutaminase IgA. Transitional Cells. Triple Phosphate Crystals. TSH Antireceptor Antibodies. Tuberculin Skin Test. Type 1 diabetes. Type 2 diabetes. U Unconjugated Bilirubin. Urate Crystals.
Uric Acid. Uric Acid Crystals. Urine Chlamydia PCR. Holding urine for large amounts of time can encourage the increase of microorganisms, resulting in a urinary tract infection and causing leukocytes to appear in the urine.
In addition, if you hold urine for too long, your bladder will begin to weaken and will not empty completely. This causes urine to remain inside the bladder and microorganisms to proliferate. In addition, to prevent infections from occurring, it is recommended that you drink at least 2 liters of water a day.
Although it is a rarer situation, the existence of bladder, prostate or kidney cancer can also lead to leukocytes appearing in the urine, as these conditions will lead to a weakened immune system. In addition, the presence of leukocytes can happen as a consequence of cancer treatment. What to do : the presence of leukocytes in the urine is common in cancer that affects the urinary and genital systems. The quantity of leukocytes in the urine is checked through macro and microscopic analysis to identify the presence of abnormal elements, such as crystals, epithelial cells, mucous, bacteria, fungi, parasites, leukocytes and red blood cells.
In a normal urinalysis it is common for there to be 0 to 5 leukocytes per field, and there may be higher amounts in women according to their age and menstrual cycle. When there are more than 5 leukocytes per field, this is indicated in the examination with the name "pyuria", which regards to the presence of large quantities of leukocytes in the urine.
Glucose : Your urine should not contain glucose. If it does, your doctor will order further bloodwork and urine tests to determine the cause. Glucose in the urine is called glucosuria; it can occur in people with diabetes that is not properly regulated with insulin, in people with kidney problems that affect the absorption of glucose, in pregnant women, and in people with liver abnormalities or hormonal disorders. Ketones : Ketones in the urine ketonuria indicate that your body is metabolizing its fat reserves instead of carbohydrates to obtain energy.
This can occur in people on low-carbohydrate diets, people who are malnourished, or people who have a problem properly metabolizing carbohydrates e. It can also occur with excessive exercise, loss of carbohydrates due to vomiting, or exposure to cold. In people with diabetes, ketonuria may indicate insufficient management with insulin.
Blood : The chemical examination of urine also measures the amount of red blood cells in the urine sample. The presence of red blood cells in the urine is known as hematuria, and the presence of hemoglobin from red blood cells is known as hemoglobinuria. Usually people have very small amounts of red blood cells in their urine, but even a minute increase can indicate a problem, such as a disease of the kidney or urinary tract, trauma, medications, smoking, or intense exercise e.
When the chemical test for blood in the urine is negative but the microscopic assessment shows the presence of red blood cells, the laboratory will usually check for the presence of vitamin C, which can interfere with test results. Therefore, it is very important to tell your physician if you are menstruating or are experiencing any other condition that could contaminate your urine sample.
It is also very important that you speak to your lab technician about proper aseptic technique when giving a urine sample. Therefore, the presence of this substance in the urine indicates the presence of white blood cells leukocyturia.
White blood cells in the urine may indicate inflammation of the kidneys or urinary tract due to bacterial infection. It is important to note, however, that contamination of the urine can also cause the presence of white blood cells in the urine, so remember to practice proper aseptic technique when giving the sample.
Nitrite : Bacteria can convert nitrate to nitrite; therefore, the presence of nitrite in the urine usually indicates a bacterial infection i. However, not all bacteria can convert nitrate to nitrite, so it is possible to have a urinary tract infection while also having a negative nitrite test.
Bilirubin : Bilirubin is made by the liver from old red blood cells; it is then processed by the intestine and excreted from the body. Therefore, healthy individuals do not have bilirubin in their urine. The presence of bilirubin in the urine indicates that the liver is allowing the substance to leak back into the blood. This can be an early indication of liver disease, even when other symptoms, such as jaundice, are not present. Microscopic Analysis The microscopic examination uses a microscope to identify and count cells, crystals, bacteria, mucous, and other substances that may be present in the urine.
As discussed above, the presence of red blood cells in the urine can indicate a problem, such as a disease of the kidney or urinary tract, trauma, medications, smoking, or intense exercise e. However, contamination of the urine sample with menstrual blood or hemorrhoids cannot be distinguished from the presence of red blood cells in the sample.
Therefore, it is very important to tell your physician if you are menstruating or are experiencing any other condition that could contamination your urine sample. White Blood Cells : A high number of white blood cells in the urine indicates inflammation of the kidneys or urinary tract. Like the test for red blood cells, this test can be misread if the sample is contaminated; in this instance, contamination can occur from vaginal secretions, which are high in white blood cells.
Therefore it is important that you speak to your lab technician about proper aseptic technique before giving a urine sample.
0コメント