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Visit our updated privacy and cookie policy to learn more. This Website Uses Cookies By closing this message or continuing to use our site, you agree to our cookie policy. Learn More This website requires certain cookies to work and uses other cookies to help you have the best experience. Home » Microtechnology and Nanotechnology. January 8, Order Reprints. The practical success of miniaturization has been the result of the accompanying dramatic reduction in cost per function achieved by the integration of so many electronic devices onto single chips and using parallel, or batch, fabrication technologies to allow this cost scaling.
Less well understood is the acceleration in other micro- and nanotechnologies, which is being driven by miniaturization and is contributing to the increasing density of information transmitted, stored, and processed. The growth in magnetic information storage in recent years has been even more rapid than growth in electronic information processing.
To appreciate the challenge in control of tolerances for this technology, scaling to the macro world by the relative lengths of a magnetic read head and an F jet fighter would correspond to flying the F only micrometers above the ground, which has been polished to a smoothness of 10 micrometers and staying on course within an accuracy of micrometers. Optical information transmission has also been increasing at growth rates comparable to that for magnetic memories, aided by control of materials—for example, in optical fibers with ultrahigh-purity microscale cores and semiconducting lasers with nanoscale quantum wells.
Mechanical devices at the microscale and below promise to further extend the reach of miniaturized technologies. Microelectromechanical systems MEMS build on the manufacturing paradigm of microelectronics and offer the promise of large-scale batch fabrication at low cost.
Currently this emerging technology is primarily focused on simple devices such as inertial sensors for air bag release in automobiles and microscale mirrors for optical projection and switching. However, future applications of MEMS for airfoil control, inertial sensing, or satellite maneuverability could significantly broaden the scope of this technology.
The integration of MEMS technologies with electronics and optics is also being explored for chemical sensing, so-called lab-on-a-chip systems. Indeed, the current. The emerging breadth of microscale technologies mechanical, optical, magnetic, chemical, and biological, as well as electronic and the promise of future nanoscale technologies suggest that revolutionary advances in systems are likely.
Miniaturization and high information density will be particularly important where performance requirements place weight and size at a premium. The potential of low cost, if achieved, implies the ubiquitous use of devices, as is now happening in microelectronics with the embedding of computer chips throughout systems. The widespread ability to embed high information density in combination with local detection, processing, and response in small packages will allow large networks of distributed systems and increasingly autonomous systems.
The overarching theme that emerges is increased functionality and autonomy of systems. Low cost, ubiquitous, distributed systems will raise new questions such as the role of autonomous control and decision making and the integration of such system capabilities into military conduct of operations.
The Committee on Implications of Emerging Micro- and Nanotechnologies, established by the National Research Council, was asked to perform the following tasks:. Conduct a study to examine the role that emerging micro- and nanotechnologies can play in improving current Air Force capabilities and enabling new weapons, systems, and capabilities.
Discuss how current and future Air Force mission capabilities may be impacted or enabled by these technologies. Review the current Air Force and Department of Defense DoD investment strategies and the Air Force plan of execution in micro- and nanotechnologies for adequacy; recommend directions for accelerating the operational success of these technologies in Air Force missions. Recommend research initiatives that are needed to explore promising micro- and nanotechnologies.
In undertaking this study, the committee decided not to put hard size limitations on micro- and nano- objects and technologies. It understands these concepts as relating roughly to scale but also as having significant differences in underlying physical and chemical mechanisms. There is no hard line between. So, the committee defines micro and nano by example see Figures , , and Box Science and technology are always heavily intertwined and impossible to discuss, or indeed to advance, independently.
Understanding the science enables the technology, and harnessing the technology allows further advances in the science. For conciseness in this report the committee speaks of micro- and nanotechnology, but this should always be understood to mean both micro- and nanoscience and micro- and nanotechnology.
Microtechnology is characterized by a top-down fabrication paradigm, where the starting point is macroscopic and material is added or taken away in processes such as lithography to define patterns on surfaces, etching to remove material, and deposition to add material and thus allow complex structures to be made. The integrated circuit is an example of this paradigm. The starting point is an almost perfect wafer of silicon. Areas are defined on this wafer for introducing electrically active dopants, for adding various electrodes source, gate, and drain contacts of transistors , and for making interconnections.
When it was first conceived. Typical scales range from a few hundreds of micrometers down to one micrometer and less. At the microscale, objects have greatly reduced inertia, and turbulence, convection, and momentum become negligible. At this scale, the surface and interface properties of materials begin to play an increasingly dominant role in the behavior of structures. A defining feature of the nanoscale is that there is a qualitative difference in material behavior, which does not scale from the macro and micro scales.
New physics and chemistry come into play. Nanotech has assumed control over numerous requisitions that were formerly under the extent of Microtechnology. Governments, instructive establishments and major organizations all around the globe are currently contributing for the most part on nanotechnology research and development.
Designed By : Blogger Yard. Free Lecture Notes and Presentations. Difference Between Micro and Nano Technology. This is one of the clearer refinements between micro and nano technology. Different between micro and nano innovation can likewise be seen in the diverse provisions of the two fields.
Nanotech as the Heir to Microtechnology. Micro and nano technologt are at present the most prominent regions of experimental study. Powered By: BloggerYard. Related Posts: Biotechnology. Total Pageviews. Popular Posts High page rank web sites to add comments on.
Add your comments, links in these web sites directories and comment space to get high page rank backlinks. Page Rank Tasks of micro and nano technology related operations are done in specially designed clean rooms, where dust and dirt is not available. Also, in both micro and nano technology research, scientists have to follow special dress codes to prevent small dust particles interacting with products. Micro technology is used in manufacturing miniaturized systems or objects at micrometer scale.
Printer heads, sensors and integrated circuits are examples for micro scale products. MEMS contain tiny mechanical components such as levers, springs and fluid channels along with electronic circuits are embedded to a tiny chip.
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