Is the pure substance capable of displacing an ion from the other starting material? Based on the starting material what products can form? References: 1 , 2. Single replacement or single displacement is a type of chemical reaction. This occurs when one element replaces another element within a compound. The solitary element is usually a metal that replaces another metal within the compound. In the first example is solid magnesium Mg is the solitary element and the compound is aqueous aluminum chloride AlCl3.
The first step is to check whether this reaction will occur. The reaction will only happen if Mg is more reactive than Al. You can use the reactivity series to predict which element is more reactive. When we check the series, we find that Mg is more reactive than Al and the reaction will occur. Mg will replace Al, which means aluminum will be our solitary element and magnesium chloride is formed. Determining the compound formula can be tricky since we need to take into account the charges on each element in the compound.
The products of the reaction are aluminum solid Al and aqueous magnesium chloride MgCl2. The next reaction is between bromine Br2 and potassium iodide KI. The two-nonmetals Br and I will be able to replace each other.
Both Br and I exist as diatomic elements as Br2 and I2. So we form iodine I2 and potassium bromide KBr. Then, adjust the coefficients in front of the reactants and products to balance the chemical equation:. The higher the halogen is on the periodic table, the more reactive it is. The reactivity series for cations is longer and not as obvious.
In general, alkali metals are the most reactive, followed by alkaline earth metals. Noble metals, in contrast, are relatively unreactive.
Search for:. Elements higher on the list alkali metals replace those lower on the list like the noble metals in single replacement reactions. We need to consider each ionic compound both the reactants and the possible products in light of the solubility rules in Table 4. If a compound is soluble, we use the aq label with it, indicating it dissolves. If a compound is not soluble, we use the s label with it and assume that it will precipitate out of solution.
If everything is soluble, then no reaction will be expected. Are these soluble? NaCl is by the same rule we just quoted , but what about SrSO 4?
Therefore, we expect a reaction to occur, and the balanced chemical equation would be. You would expect to see a visual change corresponding to SrSO 4 precipitating out of solution Figure 4. Some double-replacement reactions are obvious because you can see a solid precipitate coming out of solution. Will a double-replacement reaction occur? If we assume that a double-replacement reaction may occur, we need to consider the possible products, which would be NaCl and Fe OH 2.
NaCl is soluble, but, according to the solubility rules, Fe OH 2 is not. Therefore, a reaction would occur, and Fe OH 2 s would precipitate out of solution. The balanced chemical equation is.
Will a double-replacement equation occur? What are the general characteristics that help you recognize double-replacement reactions? Assuming that each single-replacement reaction occurs, predict the products and write each balanced chemical equation. Use the periodic table or the activity series to predict if each single-replacement reaction will occur and, if so, write a balanced chemical equation. Assuming that each double-replacement reaction occurs, predict the products and write each balanced chemical equation.
Use the solubility rules to predict if each double-replacement reaction will occur and, if so, write a balanced chemical equation. Privacy Policy. Skip to main content. Chapter 4. Chemical Reactions and Equations. Hydrogen sulfide gas is produced by some industrial processes, or as a result of decaying animal or plant materials:. The tarnish can be removed using a number of polishes, but the process also removes a small amount of silver along with the tarnish.
A single-replacement reaction is a reaction in which one element replaces a similar element in a compound. The general form of a single-replacement also called single-displacement reaction is:. When the element that is doing the replacing is a nonmetal, it must replace another nonmetal in a compound, and the general equation becomes:. Magnesium is a more reactive metal than copper.
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